Effect of subgingival periodontal therapy on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes patients: Meta-analysis and meta-regression of 6-month follow-up randomized clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis worsens the hyperglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Subgingival instrumentation, with or without surgical access, is the gold-standard treatment for periodontitis. The aim was to summarize the evidence on the effect of subgingival instrumentation (with or without open flap) on the reduction of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). METHODS: Nine electronic databases were searched up to 15 February 2023. Twelve randomized controlled trials with at least 6 months of follow-up were included. Studies using systemic or local-delivery antimicrobial therapies were excluded. Meta-analyses were performed using the random-effects model. The sources of heterogeneity were assessed by applying linear meta-regression. Risk of bias was assessed by RoB 2, and certainty of evidence by GRADE. RESULTS: Eleven studies were included in the quantitative analyses (1374 patients). Subgingival instrumentation resulted in 0.29% lower HbA1c (95% confidence interval: 0.10-0.47; p = .03) compared with non-active treatment. DISCUSSION: None of the 12 studies were assessed as having low risk of bias. The percentage of females and the time of diabetes diagnosis significantly explained the high level of heterogeneity. Subgingival periodontal therapy results in a significant and clinically relevant improvement in glycaemic control over 6 months in patients with T2DM and periodontitis. The grade of evidence was moderate.

What is the future of Periodontal Medicine?

In the last five decades, considerable progress has been made towards understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and their interactions with the host. The impact of an individual periodontal condition on systemic homeostasis became more evident because of this knowledge and prompted advances in studies that associate periodontitis with systemic diseases and conditions. The term Periodontal Medicine describes how periodontal infection/inflammation can affect extraoral health. This review presents the current scientific evidence on the most investigated associations between periodontitis and systemic diseases and conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, preterm birth and low birth weight, and pneumonia. Additionally, other associations between periodontitis and chronic inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and Alzheimer's disease that were recently published and are still poorly studied were described. Thus, the aim of this review was to answer the following question: What is the future of Periodontal Medicine? Epidemiological evidence and the evidence of biological plausibility between periodontitis and general health reinforce the rationale that the study of Periodontal Medicine should continue to advance, along with improvements in the epidemiological method, highlighting the statistical power of the studies, the method for data analysis, the case definition of periodontitis, and the type of periodontal therapy to be applied in intervention studies.

Anti-Inflammatory Effectiveness of Oral Dexamethasone 4 mg on Mandibular Third Molar Surgeries: A Split-Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of oral dexamethasone 4 mg in a single dose preemptively administered to reduce pain, swelling, and trismus following mandibular third molar surgeries. METHODS: A split-mouth randomized clinical trial was performed including 22 participants undergoing surgical removal of bilateral and symmetrically positioned third molars. A total of 44 teeth were allocated by simple randomization to either the test or nonintervention/control side. Oral dexamethasone 4 mg was administered on the test side an hour before the surgery. All of the participants were unaware of the medication studied, and only 1 surgeon, blinded to the medication intake, performed all of the procedures. Anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using the clinical parameters of mouth opening, swelling, and rescue analgesic medication intake to control pain. The statistical analysis was blinded to the allocation groups, and a significance value P < .05 was adopted for all the tests. RESULTS: Dexamethasone reduced the mean of rescue analgesic medication intake by 5 times (P = .002). Facial swelling was lower on the test side by 72h postsurgery in comparison with the control side (P = .036). No significant difference in mouth opening was found between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Preemptive use of oral dexamethasone 4 mg proved to be effective in controlling pain and reducing the need for rescue medication and had a beneficial effect in reducing swelling during a short postoperative period.

What is the future of Periodontal Medicine?

Abstract In the last five decades, considerable progress has been made towards understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and their interactions with the host. The impact of an individual periodontal condition on systemic homeostasis became more evident because of this knowledge and prompted advances in studies that associate periodontitis with systemic diseases and conditions. The term Periodontal Medicine describes how periodontal infection/inflammation can affect extraoral health. This review presents the current scientific evidence on the most investigated associations between periodontitis and systemic diseases and conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, preterm birth and low birth weight, and pneumonia. Additionally, other associations between periodontitis and chronic inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and Alzheimer's disease that were recently published and are still poorly studied were described. Thus, the aim of this review was to answer the following question: What is the future of Periodontal Medicine? Epidemiological evidence and the evidence of biological plausibility between periodontitis and general health reinforce the rationale that the study of Periodontal Medicine should continue to advance, along with improvements in the epidemiological method, highlighting the statistical power of the studies, the method for data analysis, the case definition of periodontitis, and the type of periodontal therapy to be applied in intervention studies.

Analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotypes in severe periodontitis patients.

The aim of this study was to i) evaluate the prevalence of P. gingivalis and the genotypes fim A I, Ib, II, III, IV, and V in Brazilian patients with periodontitis stage III and IV, grades B and C, ii) compare periodontitis grades B and C with regard to the prevalence of P. gingivalis and fim A genotypes, and iii) correlate the presence of these pathogens with clinical periodontal variables. Two samples of subgingival biofilm were collected from the interproximal sites with the greatest clinical attachment loss (CAL) of each patient (grade B = 38; grade C = 54) and submitted to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the identification of P. gingivalis and fim A genotypes. The collected periodontal clinical parameters included gingival index, plaque index, probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP) and CAL. P. gingivalis was present in 61.96% of the samples, but more prevalent in patients with grade C periodontitis (p = 0.048) and higher CAL (p < 0.001), PD (p < 0.001), and BoP (p = 0.01) values, and at sites with high CAL values (p = 0.01). The fim A II genotype was more prevalent in patients with greater mean PD (p = 0.04) and a higher proportion of bleeding sites (p = 0.006). Thus, in this sample of Brazilian periodontitis patients, the presence of P. gingivalis was associated with grade C periodontitis and periodontal destruction, while the fim A II genotype was associated with increased PD and BoP, supporting the notion that P. gingivalis fim A II is an important virulence factor in periodontal tissues.

Influence of abutment disconnection on peri-implant marginal bone loss: A randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of abutment disconnections and reconnections on peri-implant marginal bone loss. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four participants received single-unit implants and were randomly assigned into one of the two groups: the definitive abutment group (DEF), in which the definitive abutments were connected at the same time as the implant was inserted; and as a control, the healing abutment group (HEA), in which the healing abutments were disconnected and reconnected three times, at 8, 10, and 12 weeks after surgery. Peri-implant marginal bone level was measured through radiographic follow-up performed immediately after the surgery (baseline), at 8 weeks and after 6, 12, and 24 months. Implant stability and peri-implant health were assessed by resonance frequency analysis and peri-implant probing, respectively. RESULTS: At the end of 2 years, the mean bone level was -0.18 ± 0.12 mm for the DEF group and -0.13 ± 0.13 mm for the HEA group, resulting in a cumulative bone loss of -0.61 ± 0.10 mm and -0.81 ± 0.15 mm, respectively, with no statistical difference between groups. Bone level changes showed statistically significant differences only between 0 and 2 months (DEF: -0.70 ± 0.12 mm; HEA: -0.36 ± 0.10 mm) and between 2 and 6 months (DEF: -0.11 ± 0.11 mm; HEA: -0.65 ± 0.14 mm). No differences were observed between the groups for implant stability, probing depth, and bleeding on probing. CONCLUSION: Immediate connection of the prosthetic abutments did not reduce bone loss in comparison with three disconnections of the healing abutments.

Analysis of porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotypes in severe periodontitis patients

Abstract The aim of this study was to i) evaluate the prevalence of P. gingivalis and the genotypes fim A I, Ib, II, III, IV, and V in Brazilian patients with periodontitis stage III and IV, grades B and C, ii) compare periodontitis grades B and C with regard to the prevalence of P. gingivalis and fim A genotypes, and iii) correlate the presence of these pathogens with clinical periodontal variables. Two samples of subgingival biofilm were collected from the interproximal sites with the greatest clinical attachment loss (CAL) of each patient (grade B = 38; grade C = 54) and submitted to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the identification of P. gingivalis and fim A genotypes. The collected periodontal clinical parameters included gingival index, plaque index, probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP) and CAL. P. gingivalis was present in 61.96% of the samples, but more prevalent in patients with grade C periodontitis (p = 0.048) and higher CAL (p < 0.001), PD (p < 0.001), and BoP (p = 0.01) values, and at sites with high CAL values (p = 0.01). The fim A II genotype was more prevalent in patients with greater mean PD (p = 0.04) and a higher proportion of bleeding sites (p = 0.006). Thus, in this sample of Brazilian periodontitis patients, the presence of P. gingivalis was associated with grade C periodontitis and periodontal destruction, while the fim A II genotype was associated with increased PD and BoP, supporting the notion that P. gingivalis fim A II is an important virulence factor in periodontal tissues.

The Effects of Annual Maintenance on Peri-implant Health in Patients Rehabilitated with Overdentures: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the effects of annual maintenance over a 7-year period on the peri-implant health of patients rehabilitated with overdentures using clinical and radiographic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to be considered for inclusion in the study, patients had to have been rehabilitated with overdentures that had at least two implants placed in the mandible and four implants in the maxilla. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 comprised individuals who had undergone annual maintenance over the previous 7 years, and group 2 comprised those who had not attended any dental appointment over the previous 7 years. All patients were submitted to clinical peri-implant examinations and radiographic assessments. RESULTS: Sixty-six patients received 396 implants of the external hexagon type, 132 in the mandible and 264 in the maxilla. Group 1 (44 patients with 264 implants) had a mean probing depth of 2.72 mm, while group 2 (22 patients with 132 implants) had a mean probing depth of 3.10 mm. It can be concluded that the mean of the variable probing depth is influenced by the presence of bleeding (P = .0005) and the implementation of maintenance (P = .0188), whereas plaque and local variables were not otherwise significant (P = .0605 and .0796, respectively). CONCLUSION: In this study, it was possible to observe better clinical conditions in individuals who had attended annual appointments for maintenance purposes.

Accuracy of single crowns fabricated from ultrasound digital impressions.

OBJECTIVE: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate marginal and internal fit of single crowns produced from high-frequency ultrasound based digital impressions of teeth prepared with finish lines covered by porcine gingiva, in comparison with those obtained by optical scanners with uncovered finish lines. METHODS: Ten human teeth were prepared and forty zirconia crowns were fabricated from STL-datasets obtained from four dental scanners (n=10): extraoral CS2 (Straumann), intraoral Lava COS (3M), intraoral Trios (3Shape) and extraoral ultrasound scanner. The accuracy of the crowns was compared evaluating marginal and internal fit by means of the replica technique with measurements in four areas; P1: occlusal surface; P2: transition between occlusal and axial surfaces; P3: middle of axial wall; and P4: marginal gap. Restoration margins were classified according to their mismatch as regular, underextended or overextended. Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U test were used to evaluate the differences between groups at p<0.05. RESULTS: The median value of marginal gap (P4) for Ultrasound (113.87µm) differed statistically from that of CS2 (39.74µm), Lava COS (41.98µm) and Trios (42.07µm). There were no statistical differences between ultrasound and Lava COS for internal misfit (P1-P3), however there were statistical differences when compared with the other two scanners (Trios and CS2) at P1 and P2. SIGNIFICANCE: The ultrasound scanner was able to make digital impressions of prepared teeth through porcine gingiva (P4), however with less accuracy of fit than that of conventional optical scanners without coverage of the finish lines. Where no gingiva was available (P1-P3), the ultrasound accuracy of fit was similar to that of at least one optical scanner (Lava COS).

Prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA II genotype in generalized aggressive periodontitis patients

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and its filmA II genotype in a sample of Brazilian patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) and to correlate the presence of each pathogen/genotype eith clinical parameters. Methods: We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to evaluate the presence of Pg and filmA II genotype in subgingival plaque samples collected from the deepest site of 45 Brazilian patients aged 15-40 years with GAgP and correlated findings with age and clinical parameters (plaque index, gingival bleeding index, probing depth and clinical attachment loss). Results: Pg was identified in 64.4% patients. FilmA II genotype was present in 82.6% of Pg-positive patients. The presence of Pg and filmA II genotype was significantly associated with greater clinical attachment loss at the sampled periodontal site. Pg-positive patients were slightly older than Pg-negative patients. Conclusions: Pg and filmA II genotype were highly prevalente in Brazilian patients with GAgP. Pg was more commonly observed in slightly older individuals and in sites with more clinical attachment loss. (AU)

Effect of Whitening Toothpastes on Dentin Abrasion: An In Vitro Study.

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of toothbrushing abrasion with hydrated silica-based whitening and regular toothpastes on root dentin using contact profilometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety dentin specimens (4 x 4 x 2 mm) were randomly divided into five experimental groups (n = 18) according to the toothpaste: three whitening (W1, W2 and W3) and two regular toothpastes (R1 and R2) produced by two different manufacturers. Using a brushing machine, each specimen was brushed with a constant load of 300 g for 2500 cycles (4.5 cycles/s). The toothpastes were diluted at a ratio of 1:3 w/w (dentifrice:distilled water). The brush diamond tip of the profilometer moved at a constant speed of 0.05 mm/s with a force of 0.7 mN. RESULTS: The average value of brushing abrasion in µm (mean ± SD) was obtained from five consecutive measurements of each specimen: W1 = 8.86 ± 1.58, W2 = 7.59 ± 1.04, W3 = 8.27 ± 2.39, R1 = 2.89 ± 1.05 and R2= 2.94 ± 1.29. There was a significant difference between groups (ANOVA, p<0.0001). Post-hoc Tukey's test for multiple comparisons showed differences between all the whitening and regular toothpastes, but not among the whitening nor among the regular toothpastes. CONCLUSION: The whitening toothpastes tested can cause more dentin abrasion than the regular ones.

Percepção e nível de conhecimento sobre halitose entre estudantes e pacientes / Perception and level of knowledge about halitosis among students and patients

O presente estudo analisou a percepção e o nível de conhecimento de estudantes e pacientes sobre halitose. Dois grupos de voluntários de ambos os gêneros, entre 18 e 60 anos, totalizando 225 participantes, responderam a um questionário que continha oito questões relativas à percepção, às causas e ao tratamento da halitose. O grupo de pacientes (P) consistiu-se de 150 indivíduos que procuraram os serviços odontológicos da Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brasil, e o grupo de estudantes (S), de 75 alunos de Odontologia da mesma Universidade. No grupo P, 45,3% dos participantes acreditava ter halitose, já no grupo S, esse percentual foi de apenas 16,2%. Em relação às causas e aos tratamentos da halitose, encontrou-se que o grupo P assinalou mais opções relacionadas com o correto conhecimento sobre halitose quando comparados com o grupo S. É possível concluir que os pacientes relataram maior percepção da halitose do que os estudantes, bem como têm demonstrado maior conhecimento sobre a origem e tratamento da halitose.

This study aimed to assess individual perception and level of knowledge of students and patients about halitosis. Two groups of volunteers of both genders between 18 and 60 years old, totaling 225 subjects, answered a questionnaire containing eight questions relating to perception, causes, and treatment of halitosis. The group of patients (P) consisted of 150 individuals seeking dental services at the School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil, and the Group of students (S) consisted of 75 students of Dentistry at the same University. In Group P, 45.3% of participants believed they had halitosis, while in Group S, this percentage was only 16.2%. In matters relating to the causes and treatment of halitosis, it was found that the Group P marked more options related to the correct knowledge about halitosis when compared to Group S. It is possible to conclude that patients reported greater halitosis perception than students, and also that they showed a better knowledge about the halitosis etiology and treatment.

Serotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in relation to periodontal status and geographic origin of individuals-a review of the literature

OBJECTIVE: Several studies have focused on the relationship among serotype distribution, ethnical status and geographic populations, and periodontal conditions. Studies that have investigated the prevalence and the distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes and the relation between the different serotypes of the bacterium and periodontal status were reviewed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic literature search for publications regarding the distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes in subgingival samples of periodontitis patients and periodontally healthy subjects by employing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted. RESULTS: From the 85 studies identified in the first analysis, only 12 met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical isolates from diverse geographic populations with different periodontal conditions were evaluated. Serotypes a, b and c were largely found, and serotype c was the most prevalent. They were isolated from various periodontal conditions, including aggressive periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS: The available literature suggests that serotypes a, b, and c are globally dominant, serotypes d and e are rare, and the prevalence of the most recently identified serotype f is still unknown. It is widely accepted that distribution patterns of A. actinomycetemcomitans vary among subjects of different ethnicity and geographic regions. The correlation of different serotypes with various periodontal conditions remains unclear

Effects of locally administered tiludronic acid on experimental periodontitis in rats.

BACKGROUND: It appears there are no studies evaluating the influence of the bisphosphonate tiludronic acid (TIL) on periodontitis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate via microtomographic, histopathologic, histometric, and immunohistochemical analyses the effects of local administration of TIL on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. METHODS: Forty-eight rats were divided into six groups: C (control), EP (experimental periodontitis), EP-Saline, EP-TIL0.1, EP-TIL0.3, and EP-TIL1. In EP, a ligature was placed around maxillary second molars. In EP-TIL0.1, EP-TIL0.3, and EP-TIL1, TIL solutions of 0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg/kg body weight, respectively, were injected into the subperiosteal palatal area adjacent to maxillary second molars every other day. EP-Saline received 0.9% NaCl solution instead. Animals were euthanized at day 11. Bone changes were evaluated by microtomographic and histometric analyses. Histopathologic analysis and immunohistochemical detection of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were also performed. Data were statistically analyzed (analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis, P <0.05). RESULTS: Histometric and microtomographic analyses (at buccal, interproximal, and furcation sites) demonstrated that EP-TIL1 presented less alveolar bone loss (ABL) than EP (P <0.05), whereas EP-TIL0.1 and EP-TIL0.3 did not demonstrate significant differences in alveolar bone level compared to EP (P >0.05). Also, EP-TIL1 showed significantly fewer TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts than EP and EP-Saline (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that locally administered TIL solution (1 mg/kg body weight) reduced alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis and the dosage of TIL may influence its anti-inflammatory and antiresorptive properties.

Leukotoxicity of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in generalized aggressive periodontitis in Brazilians and their family members.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the leukotoxin promoter types of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans clones in subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) and in their family members (FM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients with GAgP (33.9±7.1 years), 33 of their FM (22.8±11.4 years), and 41 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) (44.1±9.4 years) were clinically analyzed using the plaque index, gingival index, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Subgingival biofilm samples were collected from four interproximal periodontal sites (>PD and >CAL) of each patient. The presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and its leukotoxic clone was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: A. actinomycetemcomitans was observed in 23 (51.1%) GAgP patients and 16 (30.1%) CP patients. Thirty-seven (94.8%) patients showed minimally leukotoxic strains and 2 (5.1%) showed highly leukotoxic strains. In the FM group, 10 (30.3%) had aggressive periodontitis (AgP), 12 (36.3%) had CP, 11 (33.3%) were periodontally healthy or had gingivitis, and 12.2% were A. actinomycetemcomitans positive. Greater full mouth PD and CAL were observed in GAgP patients positive for the bacteria than those negative for it (p<;0.05), and the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans positively correlated with GAgP (Odds ratio, 3.1; confidence interval, 1.4-7.0; p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was associated with the clinical condition of GAgP, with most patients exhibiting a generalized form of the disease and minimally leukotoxic clones. Most of the relatives of GAgP patients presented either CP or AgP.

Leukotoxicity of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in generalized aggressive periodontitis in Brazilians and their family members

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the leukotoxin promoter types of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans clones in subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) and in their family members (FM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients with GAgP (33.9±7.1 years), 33 of their FM (22.8±11.4 years), and 41 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) (44.1±9.4 years) were clinically analyzed using the plaque index, gingival index, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Subgingival biofilm samples were collected from four interproximal periodontal sites (>PD and >CAL) of each patient. The presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and its leukotoxic clone was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: A. actinomycetemcomitans was observed in 23 (51.1%) GAgP patients and 16 (30.1%) CP patients. Thirty-seven (94.8%) patients showed minimally leukotoxic strains and 2 (5.1%) showed highly leukotoxic strains. In the FM group, 10 (30.3%) had aggressive periodontitis (AgP), 12 (36.3%) had CP, 11 (33.3%) were periodontally healthy or had gingivitis, and 12.2% were A. actinomycetemcomitans positive. Greater full mouth PD and CAL were observed in GAgP patients positive for the bacteria than those negative for it (p<;0.05), and the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans positively correlated with GAgP (Odds ratio, 3.1; confidence interval, 1.4-7.0; p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was associated with the clinical condition of GAgP, with most patients exhibiting a generalized form of the disease and minimally leukotoxic clones. Most of the relatives of GAgP patients presented either CP or AgP. .

Obesity may increase the occurrence of spontaneous periodontal disease in Wistar rats.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of body weight on the occurrence of spontaneous alveolar bone loss in Wistar rats. METHODS: Twenty-eight rats were randomly divided in two groups. Control group received standardized rat chow diet and water. Test group received cafeteria (CAF) diet during 17 weeks. Diet was available for both groups ad libitum. Body weight and Lee Index were evaluated. At the end of the experimental period, rats were killed by decapitation and maxillae were defleshed with 9% sodium hypochlorite. Morphometric analysis was performed in digital standard photographs. Presence of spontaneous periodontitis was considered when mean alveolar bone loss was ≥0.51mm (75th percentile). Statistical analysis was performed with chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test and independent samples t-test (significance level P≤0.05). RESULTS: After 17 weeks of exposure to standard CAF diet, a statistically significant mean difference in body weight (g±SD) (478±43 vs. 580±60) and Lee Index (3.07±0.05 vs. 3.24±0.07) was observed between control and obesity groups, respectively. Median (interquartile range) of alveolar bone loss in control group was 0.344 (0.313-0.367) and 0.491 (0.427-0.506) for buccal and palatal site, respectively. For obese group was 0.308 (0.289-0.354) and 0.549 (0.482-0.616) for buccal and palatal site, respectively. In animals submitted to CAF diet, 20 sites were classified as spontaneous periodontal disease, whereas in control animals, only 8 sites exhibited periodontal breakdown according cut-off point. A significant difference between groups was detected (P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: It may be concluded that obesity increases the occurrence of spontaneous periodontal disease in Wistar rats.

Uso do laser GaAIAs e de agentes tópicos no tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária / The use of GaAlAs laser and topical agents in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity

A hipersensibilidade dentinária mostra-se como uma condição dolorosa e de prevalência considerável na população em geral. Diversas alternativas já foram propostas visando o tratamento desta condição, porém, profissionais continuam buscando agentes dessensibilizantes que promovam um alívio mais rápido e duradouro. A terapia com o laser GaAlAs de baixa intensidade tem se mostrado como uma nova alternativa eficaz no tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar, por meio de revisão sistemática da literatura, a efetividade do laser GaAlAs de baixa intensidade em relação a outros agentes tópicos dessensibilizantes no tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Bireme e PubMed com os termos dentin hypersensitivity, dentine hypersensitivity, dentinal hypersensitivity, laser GaAlAs e diode laser. Realizando-se o refinamento da pesquisa bibliográfica, apenas quatro referências que envolviam ensaios clínicos em que se utilizou o laser GaAlAs e um agente tópico para tratamento desta condição enquadraram-se nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão e puderam ser selecionados. Todos os estudos selecionados mostraram que tanto o laser quanto o agente tópico foram eficazes na melhora do desconforto ocasionado pela hipersensibilidade dentinária, porém, a aplicação do laser pareceu ser mais confortável, tanto para o paciente quanto para o profissional. Pôde-se concluir que é necessária a realização de mais estudos clínicos para se delinear o protocolo de tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária com o uso do laser GaAlAs, e, além disso, avaliar a estabilidade dos resultados positivos a longo prazo

Uso do laser GaAIAs e de agentes tópicos no tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária / The use of GaAlAs laser and topical agents in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity

A hipersensibilidade dentinária mostra-se como uma condição dolorosa e de prevalência considerável na população em geral. Diversas alternativas já foram propostas visando o tratamento desta condição, porém, profissionais continuam buscando agentes dessensibilizantes que promovam um alívio mais rápido e duradouro. A terapia com o laser GaAlAs de baixa intensidade tem se mostrado como uma nova alternativa eficaz no tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar, por meio de revisão sistemática da literatura, a efetividade do laser GaAlAs de baixa intensidade em relação a outros agentes tópicos dessensibilizantes no tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Bireme e PubMed com os termos dentin hypersensitivity, dentine hypersensitivity, dentinal hypersensitivity, laser GaAlAs e diode laser. Realizando-se o refinamento da pesquisa bibliográfica, apenas quatro referências que envolviam ensaios clínicos em que se utilizou o laser GaAlAs e um agente tópico para tratamento desta condição enquadraram-se nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão e puderam ser selecionados. Todos os estudos selecionados mostraram que tanto o laser quanto o agente tópico foram eficazes na melhora do desconforto ocasionado pela hipersensibilidade dentinária, porém, a aplicação do laser pareceu ser mais confortável, tanto para o paciente quanto para o profissional. Pôde-se concluir que é necessária a realização de mais estudos clínicos para se delinear o protocolo de tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária com o uso do laser GaAlAs, e, além disso, avaliar a estabilidade dos resultados positivos a longo prazo.

Genótipos fimA de porphyromonas gingivalis e periodontite / Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotypes and periodontitis

Porphyromonas gingivalis é um dos principais patógenos envolvidos com o início e progressão da doença periodontal. Este microorganismo exibe uma diversidade genotípica e fenotípica que pode resultar em diferenças na capacidade dos clones induzirem destruição periodontal. Variações no potencial patogênico dos distintos genótipos do gene fimA de P. gingivalis foram relacionadas a diferentes doenças periodontais em diversos estudos. Esta revisão teve o objetivo de analisar criticamente os estudos que relacionaram as condições periodontais e os diferentes genótipos fimA de P. gingivalis. Foram incluídas publicações na língua inglesa de estudos clínicos em humanos, que avaliaram a relação entre as condições periodontais e os diferentes genótipos fimA de P. gingivalis. Doze estudos foram considerados válidos para a realização desta revisão. Pôde-se concluir que os genótipos fimA II e IV de P. gingivalis encontram-se frequentemente associados à periodontite crônica

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major pathogen involved in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. This microorganism exhibits a genotypic and phenotypic diversity which may result in differences in the ability to induce periodontal destruction of the clones. Variations in the pathogenic potential of different genotypes of fimA gene of P. gingivalis were related to different periodontal diseases in several studies. This systematic review aimed to critically analyze the studies that have linked periodontal conditions and the different fimA genotypes of P. gingivalis. We included English language publications of human clinical studies that evaluated the relationship between periodontal conditions and the different fimA genotypes of P. gingivalis. Twelve studies were considered valid for the completion of this review. It was concluded that fimA genotypes II and IV of P. gingivalis are often associated with chronic periodontitis.